What Are E-Numbers? A Complete Guide to Food Additives

What Are E-Numbers?

E-numbers are codes for substances used as food additives within the European Union and other countries. The "E" stands for "Europe" and indicates the additive has been assessed for safety. However, not all E-numbers are created equal — some are perfectly natural, while others are synthetic chemicals that may pose health risks.

Categories of E-Numbers

• •E100–E199: Colors — dyes and pigments that give food its appearance
• •E200–E299: Preservatives — substances that extend shelf life
• •E300–E399: Antioxidants and acidity regulators
• •E400–E499: Thickeners, stabilizers, and emulsifiers
• •E500–E599: Acidity regulators and anti-caking agents
• •E600–E699: Flavor enhancers
• •E900–E999: Miscellaneous (waxes, glazing agents, sweeteners)

E-Numbers to Watch Out For

While most E-numbers are safe, some have been linked to health concerns. E102 (Tartrazine) and E110 (Sunset Yellow) are artificial colors that some studies associate with hyperactivity in children. E621 (MSG) can cause sensitivity reactions in some people. E951 (Aspartame) remains controversial despite being approved by food safety authorities.

How ingra Helps

Instead of memorizing hundreds of E-numbers, let ingra do the work. Simply scan any ingredient label and ingra will identify every E-number, explain what it is, rate its safety level, and flag anything that conflicts with your personal health profile.